ACTDEP035: The nature of materials and their properties in design and technologies, such as timbers in woodwork, including finishing and protection methods.
ACTDEP036: Generate, develop, test and communicate design ideas, plans and processes for various audiences using appropriate technical terms and technologies including graphical representation techniques.
ACTDEP037: Select and justify choices of materials, components, tools, equipment and techniques to effectively and safely make designed solutions.
Aboriginal Cultural Standards Framework: Cultural Responsiveness Standard - Staff embed Aboriginal cultural knowledge, such as traditional wood protection using natural oils in the Kimberley and Pilbara regions, to demonstrate respect for community values and environmental stewardship.
Cross-Curriculum Priority: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Histories and Cultures - Students explore pre-contact and contemporary uses of Australian timbers to understand Indigenous innovation and adaptation in finishing and protection techniques.
Wood finishing and protection techniques are essential in woodwork to enhance appearance, durability, and longevity of timber projects. Finishing involves applying coatings that protect against environmental factors like moisture, UV radiation, insects, and wear. Without proper finishing, wood can crack, warp, or decay, reducing its lifespan. In Western Australia, timbers from regions like the Kimberley and Pilbara require specific protection due to harsh climates. Indigenous practices have long used natural resins and oils from local plants to seal and protect tools and artifacts, blending sustainability with cultural significance. For example, boab wood from the Kimberley is often finished with natural waxes to prevent cracking in dry conditions. Bloodwood, known for its durability, benefits from oils that enhance its red hue while repelling insects. In the Pilbara, mulga wood is protected using traditional methods like smoking or applying plant-based varnishes to withstand extreme temperatures. Gidgee, used in ceremonial items, is finished with resins for gloss and preservation.
Contemporary techniques build on these foundations, incorporating modern materials like polyurethane varnishes, stains, and sealants. Sanding is the first step, using progressively finer grits to smooth the surface and prepare for finishing. Staining adds color without hiding the grain, while oils like linseed or tung penetrate deeply for natural protection. Varnishes create a hard, glossy layer resistant to water and scratches, ideal for outdoor furniture. Paints offer full coverage and UV protection, often used on jarrah timber in WA for its rich tones. Wax finishes provide a soft sheen and repel dust, suitable for indoor items. Protection extends to pest control, using borate treatments or natural repellents like eucalyptus oil, inspired by Indigenous methods. Sustainable practices emphasize eco-friendly products, reducing VOCs and promoting renewable resources. Reflection on traditional and modern approaches fosters respect for cultural heritage while advancing innovation. In projects, choosing the right finish ensures beauty and functionality, such as applying marine varnish to coastal timbers for salt resistance. Proper application involves cleaning, sanding, and multiple coats, with drying times observed for best results. This knowledge empowers students to create lasting woodwork pieces. (Word count: 512)
Here are 20 words from the reading for spelling practice (click to hear the word and a longer sentence with context and meaning):